WORDTIMES 39.

 THE NATURAL STUDY OF VACUUM

There is no empty space. What we call outer space today is very thin but it is not totally empty. A world-wide proof of this fact is that NASA is also considering "sailing" spacecraft powered by sunshine. This is set into motion by the effect of corpuscular radiation of the Sun and light pressure. The former means all kinds atoms of small atomic weight, flying radiallly in relation to the Sun, the latter is the light quanta. Of course, the planets and their moons have evaporations. This includes even comets, which also scatter many materials into their environment. It  is also important to note, that there is no compact material, i.e. the atoms do not end at their electron shells but they have an endless emanating field.

This essential space is a special modification of time. It is a curvature because it starts practically from one point and because the wavespace of an atom almost reaches the Moon within one  second. Well, although this wave field does not bend, but it is curved, it behaves optically. We do not need to prove this, this is what all of the observations of the science of optics is all about. All media through which light passes behaves optically. This is true of a thick boiler plate, only we do not notice this, we cannot see this in visible visible
light, since the atomic structures scatter the visible light so much that it does not let the light visible to our eyes pass through. To put it precisely, this is how we see this: If I take a welding gun and start to warm it, then the visible light will appear on the back side of it. It starts glowing. This phenomenon can be triggered with a large concave mirror, all I have to do is reflect enough light to its surface.

It is also indisputable that if this iron plate has a convex lense shape on both sides then light passes over its edges earlier than in the middle. If it is double concave then it passes through the middle faster. This is the running time. In optics, this is mostly applied only to transparent materials. The denser the medium, the slower the light. It travels faster in air than in water. In the former it travels almost as fast as in vacuum space always. 
 

in case of a mirage

The consequence of this is that in the Earth's increasingly thin atmospehric air layers of different excitation-levels, light significantly bends. It has many implications. The stars are almost never seen where they are in reality. This discrepancy gets stronger especially in the vicinity of the horizon, as light needs  to pass through ever-thicker layers of air. This is pinnacleized in oru next example.

 In cases of special stratification, the degree of light diffraction can be so much where such a reflection phenomena occurs. This is called a mirage.
In this case, a very distant city or other place may appear upside down in the sky. Unfortunately, I've never seen this natural phenomenon before which is quite rare these days. That is, atmospheric distortion can be very large. Of course, it does not affect the stars because it mainly happens at noon usually. But, for example, the moon can be seen during the mirage phenomenon, since it can be observed in the sky during the day.

Why did I quote these centuries old observations and theories here? Because the thin - outer-space-thin - medium behaves in the same way. The Earth's atmosphere is 60 km thick, but at ten kilometers up air pressure is only a third. Spaceships flying a hundred kilometers high practically travel already in vacuum. The question is, in how many atoms'near and distant effect field, a light quantum flying "arrow-straight" passes until it has broken through Earth's atmosphere? Because, as we know, it also gets scattered, and that is why we see the sky to be blue- green. That is, atoms in the atmosphere absorb many light quanta and also release them after a while. But although light comes to them from one direction in the case of absorption, they scatter light in all directions. This emission spectrum carries the characteristic emissions of the main components. It is one part oxygen and four parts nitrogen. However, the setting (and rising) Sun is still seen red.

There is no doubt that from the quite homogeneously distributed sunlight passing through the thicker air layer the higher frequency components begin to be filtered more and more so its color is shifting towards red.
We see the color of the setting Sun to be even more red. They say it's because of the dust floating in the atmosphere, but even over a dust-free sea it sets red. The reason is rather simple. The more atoms light passes,  the more of it gets diffracted, scattered from the direction of progress. Going in the air, the red is the fastest, because light-speed is uniform only in vacuum, however, not in the air. Red passes violets about by 20  km/s. So then it is not red which has less energy but violet.
The violet penetrates deeper into the mater because it has a smaller light-seed system. It is the same way in the vacuum called space. Along the path from the stars leading to us, light suffers the vacuum's color filtration in the same way, and if we add it up, it encounters a lot more atoms during its journey, than when it passes through the Earth's atmosphere. This also means that the image of the observed universe is shifted towards red. The spectral image carries its original ingredients, only it runs out of blue light components. Blue gets faded out from it. That is why the sky is much richer in infrared. Because there are a lot more stars around usthan we can observe with the naked eye. If our eyes saw such weak light in color we would see many red stars. So we believe them to be whitish because only our rod vision works then.

Created by photographer Jolán Csontos

The picture shows the spectral radiation distribution of the Sun. The dotted line is the radiant curve of the black body, which would be the ideal distribution. This curve was extraterrestrial, that is, it was measured in space. The two parallel vertical lines is the visible band. This decade-long measurement still ignores a lot of things. But we can observe in it that there is almost no radiation at the 3 micrometer wavelength, and it is virtually eliminated at 5. Likewise, it disappears on the left at approx. 0.22 micrometers. It's now ultraviolet. This thing's good for Earth's dwellers, because harmful radiations, as a result of this beneficial color filtering will not reach the Earth. The main cause of this is the solar wind, the Sun's corpuscular radiation. Between the Sun  and the Earth, there are atoms that fly towards Earth throughout 150 million kilometers. The Van-Allen belt provides additional protection which is kept alive by Earth's magnetic field. It's like a cushion embracing our planet. Interestingly, it carries a lot of nitrogen.

 By passing through the atmosphere, more and more shortages are beginning to emerge in this sloping distribution curve and it is mainly caused by water vapor in the air. It is visible in downward valleys. Likewise, all materials incorporate their signature in this starlight. In the same way, the cosmos filters light directed towards us. The light of each star (which differ in themselves also) is filtered by a filter whose thickness is distance- related and this is even further fleckered by local factors because the stars have different emanations. Similarly, the supernoves' particles flying apart are a strong filters and so are the interstellar nebulae. Emission lines show the original radiation, the adsorption ones show the absorbed spectrum, that is the signature of the substance through which it passed.

The absorption spectrum of water.

Gaussian distribution

If we mirror this picture in our imagination, then we get the Gaussian curve of the intensity distribution. The light quantum passing near or far from the atom is more or less diffracted. This phenomenon also exists at macro level, think only of the measurements which have just recently been done.
If I remember correctly it was done on a galaxy covered by Jupiter, whose light went around Jupiter from both directions. In a ring-like way. In the same way as the "gravity lenses" which have been known for longer. A distant galaxy behind a nearer one. Its light goes around the nearer one on both sides. This is the optical effect of mater's wave-space moving at the speed of light. It is created out of the existence of mater. It does not run out because it is maintained by time feedback.

The readers - when our rhetoric explores more familiar ranges-will get lively immediately. When this is so the number of comments (and the virus attempts) goes up also. Our next issue will be like this.

UNIVERSUM UNIVERSITAS 2003 September 23 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED  ©

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Translation © Varga Péter 11 January 2018 (email: vargatranslation@gmail.com)